Frontline :: essays research papers

â€Å"Frontline† presentation of current undertakings programs makes a joke of editorial trustworthiness. Through entertaining depictions of significant issues, and smart impersonation â€Å"Frontline† makes veiwers mindful of scorn towards editorial honesty. While current issues programs depend on genuine stories, which are improved to ‘make great news’, Frontline depends on the creation of these accounts. Cutting edges reason for existing is to advise the crowd regarding the life behind a current issue program however more significantly its primary spotlight is on engaging the crowd. This is accomplished from multiple points of view, fundamentally by bowing genuine circumstances out of scorn to columnists uprightness. Current issue programs don't accept stories as they are and basically present them with the realities, they are sensationalized and improved to bring greater diversion incentive to them, anyway this isn't broadly known all through the overall population. Besides it’s precisely what Frontline did with â€Å"The Siege† and â€Å"Dessert Angel† when it supplemented certain components of the story to make them sound more engaging than the exhausting realities. By ‘enhancing’ the realities and controlling reality it made the tales progressively respectable to the crowd as a type of diversion and joke concerning columnists. This was spoken about in the â€Å"Dessert Angel† scene when Marty shows Stu how anybody can be transformed into ‘good media fodder’ Forefront is planned for being a parody program and in this way has a primary motivation behind satire and amusement instead of illuminating. Most daily current issue programs battle to get articles for every night. Most with three or four articles a night have an exceptionally close and constrained time timetable to set up every night. Thusly with such a restricted time they can't generally focus on the genuine investigation of some current undertakings programs. ‘Frontline’ overstates and uncovered this idea in the scene ‘Desert Angel’, where ‘Frontlines’ uprightness is provoked as it protects an elite with Australian guide specialist Jessica Steckle, whom seven days before was given a burial service by the group at Frontline with Mike giving the tribute. The issue is made comical with the offering war scene straightforwardly following Mike’s unyielding discourse that the group at ‘Frontline’ do have morals and uprightness. While the scene keeps up its analysis of current issues projects and columnists by showing that ‘bidding wars’ and ‘cheque book journalism’ are overflowing however out such projects. In ‘The Siege’, ‘Frontline’ again handles an extraordinarily topical issue, and sprinkling amusing diversion to imply their reactions.

Black Men and Public Space free essay sample

Brent Staples (b. 1951), the most seasoned of nine youngsters, was conceived in Chester, Pennsylvania. His dad was a truck driver who lost his employment alongside 40,000 different laborers during the 1960s due to plant closings in the territory. The family was diminished to destitution. Staples had never considered school until a school educator looked into him and urged him to apply to a program that enrolled dark understudies. He enlisted at Widener University (B. A. 1973), where he exceeded expectations and got a Danforth Fellowship for graduate examination. He took a Ph. D. in conduct brain science at the University of Chicago in 1977. From 1977 to 1981 he showed brain science at a few schools in Pennsylvania and Illinois, yet an occupation as a report for the Chicago Sun-Times in 1982 and 1983 started his day of work to news coverage. He started composing for the New York Times in 1983 and has served on the publication leading body of that paper, for which he composes feeling pieces on race, social issues, governmental issues, and contemporary culture. In 1994, Staples distributed the personal Parallel Time: Growing Up in Black and White, which won the Anisfield Wolff Book Award and in which â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† shows up. The Term open space is only 30 years of age, and definitions fluctuate. One definition expresses that open spaces â€Å"protect the privileges of client gatherings. They are available to all gatherings and accommodate opportunity of activity yet additionally for transitory case and proprietorship. An open space can be a spot to act more freely† (Steven Carr, cited in â€Å"The Death of Public Space? † at http://www. columbia. edu/_gs228/composing/histps. htm). My first casualty was a womanâ€white, sharp looking, most likely in her late twenties. I happened upon her late one night on an abandoned road in Hyde Park, a generally well-off neighborhood in an in any case mean, ruined segment of Chicago. As I swung onto the road behind her, there appeared to be a cautious, uninflammatory separation between us. Not really. She cast back a stressed look. To her, the youngish dark manâ€a wide six feet two creeps with a whiskers and surging hair, two hands pushed into the pockets of a cumbersome military jacketâ€seemed menacingly close. After a couple of all the more fast impressions, she got her pace and was before long running decisively. In no time, she vanished into a go across road. That was over 10 years back. I was twenty-two years of age, an alumni understudy recently showed up at the University of Chicago. It was in the reverberation of that unnerved woman’s footfalls that I initially started to know the inconvenient legacy I’d come intoâ€the capacity to adjust open space in monstrous manners. Unmistakably she thought herself the quarry of a mugger, an attacker, or more awful. Enduring an episode of a sleeping disorder, nonetheless, I was following rest, not exposed wayfarers. As a softy who is hardly ready to take a blade to a crude chickenâ€let alone hold one to a person’s throatâ€I was astounded, humiliated, and unnerved at the same time. Her flight caused me to feel like an associate in oppression. It additionally clarified that I was vague from the muggers who at times saturated the zone from the encompassing ghetto. That first experience, and those that followed connoted that a tremendous, alarming inlet lay between evening time pedestriansâ€particularly womenâ€and me. What's more, I before long assembled that being seen as hazardous is a peril in itself. I just expected to transform a corner into an uncertain circumstance, or group some scared, equipped individual in an anteroom some place, or make an errant move in the wake of being pulled over by a cop. Where dread and weapons meetâ€and they frequently do in urban Americaâ€there is consistently the chance of death. In that first year, my first away from my old neighborhood, I was to turn out to be altogether acquainted with the language of dread. At dim, shadowy convergences, I could cross before a vehicle halted at a traffic light and inspire the clunk, thud, thud, thud of the driverâ€black, white, male, or femaleâ€hammering down the entryway locks. On less voyaged lanes after dim, I became used to however never OK with individuals intersection to the opposite side of the road instead of pass me. At that point there were the standard unpleasantries with cops, concierges, bouncers, cabdrivers, and others whose business it is to screen out problematic people before there is any awfulness. I moved to New York about two years prior and I have stayed an eager night walker. In focal Manhattan, the close steady group spread limits tense one-on-one road experiences. Elsewhereâ€in SoHo, for instance, where walkways are limited and firmly divided structures shut out the skyâ€things can get tight to be sure. After dim, on the warrenlike roads of Brooklyn where I live, I regularly observe ladies who dread the most exceedingly terrible from me. They appear to have set their countenances on nonpartisan, and with their tote ties hung over their chests bandolier-style, they move forward as if preparing themselves against being handled. I comprehend, obviously, that the peril they see isn't a mind flight. Ladies are especially defenseless against road brutality, and youthful dark guys are radically overrepresented among the culprits of that viciousness. However these facts are no comfort against the sort of estrangement that happens to being ever the suspect, a fearsome element with whom people on foot abstain from looking. It isn't inside and out clear to me how I arrived at the mature age of twenty-two without being aware of the lethality evening time people on foot credited to me. Maybe it was on the grounds that in Chester, Pennsylvania, the little, furious mechanical town where I grew up during the 1960s, I was barely perceptible against a setting of group fighting, road knifings, and murders. I grew up one of the great young men, had maybe about six fistfights. All things considered, my bashfulness of battle has clears sources. As a kid, I saw endless intense folks bolted away; I have since covered a few, as well. They were babies, reallyâ€a high school cousin, a sibling of twenty-two, a cherished companion in his mid-twentiesâ€all gone down in scenes of swagger happened in the roads. I came to question the ideals of terrorizing from the get-go. I picked, maybe unwittingly, to stay a shadowâ€timid, yet a survivor. The fearsomeness erroneously ascribed to me in broad daylight puts regularly has a risky flavor, the most terrifying of these disarrays happened in the late 1970s and mid 1980s, when I functioned as a writer in Chicago. At some point, hurrying into the workplace of a magazine I was composing for with a cutoff time story close by, I was confused with a thief. The workplace director called security and, with a specially appointed force, sought after me through the complex corridors, almost to my editor’s entryway. I had no chance to get of demonstrating what my identity was. I could just move energetically toward the organization of somebody who knew me. Some other time I was on task for a nearby paper and killing time before a meeting. I entered an adornments store on the city’s prosperous Near North Side. The owner pardoned herself and came back with a tremendous red Doberman pinscher resisting the finish of a chain. She stood, the canine reached out toward me, quiet to my inquiries, her eyes protruding almost off of her mind. I investigated, gestured, and bade her goodbye. Moderately, be that as it may, I never fared as seriously as another dark male writer. He went to close by Waukegan, Illinois, two or three summers prior to chip away at an anecdote about a killer who was conceived there. Confusing the columnist with the executioner, cops pulled him from his vehicle at gunpoint and yet for his press accreditations would presumably have attempted to book him. Such scenes are normal, Black men exchange stories like this constantly. Throughout the years, I figured out how to cover the fury I felt at so regularly being taken for a crook. Not to do so would most likely have prompted franticness. I currently avoid potential risk to make myself less undermining. I move about with care, especially late at night. I give a wide billet to anxious individuals on metro stages during the extremely early times, especially when I have traded business garments for pants. In the event that I happen to enter a structure behind certain individuals who seem restless, I may stroll by, letting them clear the hall before I return, so as not to appear to be tailing them. I have been quiet and incredibly amicable on those uncommon events when I’ve been pulled over by the police. What's more, on late-night constitutionals I utilize what has end up being an amazing pressure lessening measure: I whistle tunes from Beethoven and Vivaldi and the more famous traditional arrangers. Indeed, even steely New Yorkers slouching toward evening time goals appear to unwind, and at times they even participate in the tune. For all intents and purposes everyone appears to detect that a mugger wouldn’t be chattering brilliant, radiant choices from Vivaldi’s four seasons. It is my likeness the cowbell that explorers wear when they realize they are in bear nation.

Effects of Premenstrual Symptoms on Bipolar Disorder

Effects of Premenstrual Symptoms on Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Print Effects of Premenstrual Symptoms on Bipolar By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 23, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 21, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights eclipseimages/E/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Effects Occurrence Premenstrual Symptoms vs. PMDD Can Bipolar Disorder Be Misdiagnosed as PMDD? Accessing the Role of PMS in Bipolar Disorder Treatment and Management View All What are the effects of premenstrual symptoms (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) on bipolar disorder? Lets take a look at what studies tell us about premenstrual symptoms superimposed on bipolar disorder, how these symptoms can be distinguished from one another, some testimonies from women who have experienced this dreaded double duo of symptoms, and what can be done to manage the symptoms. As a final question, is the diagnosis of bipolar disorder ever missed, and the symptoms mistakenly attributed to premenstrual dysphoric disorder? Effects Living with bipolar disorder alone should be enough, yet studies tell us that many women with bipolar disorder have a worsening of symptoms during the premenstrual period.?? While it may seem obvious that the irritability of premenstrual tension would accentuate the symptoms of bipolar disorder, researchers have been able to demonstrate specific ways in which these monthly symptoms may exacerbate bipolar disorder. Women who report significant premenstrual symptoms: Have more episodes related to their bipolar disorder, most commonly depressive episodesExperience less time between episodesHave episodes which are more severe (including depressive, manic,?? and hypomanic episodes) Women who have premenstrual symptoms which exacerbate their symptoms of bipolar disorder have a worse course of illness, a shorter time to relapse, and more severe bipolar symptoms. Occurrence A large meta-analysis (a study that compares the results of several different studies) found that 44 to 68 percent of the women with bipolar disorder had some premenstrual-related mood changes, 22 to 77 percent of women with bipolar disorder met the criteria for premenstrual dysphoria, and 15 to 27 percent met the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Premenstrual Symptoms vs. PMDD Premenstrual symptoms, when they occur, usually occur during the luteal phase of a womans menstrual cycle. This usually corresponds to the two week period between ovulation (which generally occurs mid-cycle) and the time menstruation begins. The different terms used to describe these symptoms are based primarily on the severity of symptoms. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is used to describe the very common irritability and emotional lability in women before their periods. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder has specific criteria, and is more likely to be diagnosed when premenstrual symptoms significantly affect your quality of life.?? Its important to note that there may be overlap as a womans premenstrual symptoms can vary month to month. Can Bipolar Disorder Be Misdiagnosed as PMDD? The answer to whether or not someone can be erroneously be diagnosed with PMDD when they really have bipolar disorder is yes.?? This is one reason it is important for women with PMDD to track their symptoms (see below). Accessing the Role of PMS in Bipolar Disorder It can clearly be helpful to determine if PMS or PMDD are exacerbating your bipolar disorder, but unfortunately, this isnt very easy. There are no blood tests or hormonal tests, and the only way to figure this out is to track your symptoms daily for at least two months.?? Some women keep a journal, making a note each day. A somewhat objective way is to write down symptoms such as irritability and energy level, giving each of these symptoms a number between one and ten. For example, you could rate your irritability level as one, meaning you barely feel irritable, or a ten, referring to irritability that is as bad as it ever gets. There are other tools which can help you follow your symptoms such as PMDD symptom tracker, or one of the phone apps available such as Clue Connect. Tracking periods can also be helpful for those who have been diagnosed with PMDD but are concerned that they may actually have bipolar disorder. Treatment and Management Since premenstrual symptoms and PMDD can significantly worsen bipolar disorder, its important to control PMDD symptoms as well as possible. Treatment options for PMS/PMDD include: Lifestyle changes - Avoiding alcohol and caffeine can be helpful, and exercise is critical.?? Dietary changes can make a difference and include eliminating high glycemic index carbohydrates as much as possible. A glycemic index chart can be helpful to figure out which foods this includes.Alternative treatments - It is important to talk to your psychiatrist before trying any alternative therapies, though nutritional supplements such as chasteberry?? and calcium carbonate may help some people.Relaxation therapy including activities such as meditation and yoga may help some people and have a low risk of side effects.Birth control pills may help some people, though this approach is most effective for those with mild symptoms and can sometimes worsen symptoms. Estrogen patches, oral progesterone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones are second-line treatments that may offer some relief. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac (fluoxetine) are often used for women without bipolar disorder but should be avoided for those with bipolar disorder (due to the risk of precipitating a manic episode.) If these medications are used they should most often be used along with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic medications, and then only with extreme caution. Since SSRIs are used very commonly for people with PMS/PMDD, this is an important reason why its important to distinguish between PMDD and bipolar disorder.

Does a Mother owe a Duty of Care to her unborn child - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2605 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Childhood Essay Duty Essay Did you like this example? ASSIGNMENT 1: TOPIC 2 OVERVIEW Traditionally, legal protection was rarely granted to unborn child and in the event they were granted such protection, it was strictly dependent on their live birth.[1] Since then, the law governing a motherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability for prenatal injury has evolved and varies drastically across many jurisdictions. For example, in Canada, the courts generally take into account several policy factors to grant them immunity from liability. It is to be expected that a large majority of society would accept the proposition that a mother is required to care for and protect her child for many reasons such as emotional and moral reasons. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Does a Mother owe a Duty of Care to her unborn child?" essay for you Create order However, it is unclear whether such a percentage would agree with the fact that a mother would be liable for causing prenatal injuries to her unborn child. Perhaps the most important issue of granting mothers full immunity is that the child would not be compensated for their prenatal injuries from their mother and also from third parties like insurers. This article will examine the current law across various jurisdictions like Canada and the United Kingdom (particularly the various policy considerations adopted) in order to ascertain the most suitable approach to be implemented in Australia, since the question whether a mother owes a duty of care towards her unborn child is still unsettled in this jurisdiction. This article will also consider arguments for and against imposing a duty of care. Lastly, it concludes with a suggestion that a mother should not be liable for causing prenatal injury to her unborn child other than in motor vehicle accidents[2] and why this will be the mos t appropriate approach. INTRODUCTION Essentially, a duty of care is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"an obligation imposed on a person to take reasonable care to ensure that they do not cause another person to suffer harmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[3] The relationship between a parent and a child is one such circumstance that draws such a duty of care to be imposed in some jurisdictions. It has been accepted by many that the duty of care outlined above will only accrue when a child is born and possesses legal rights.[4] Having said that, some commentators are of the view that since a fetus is completely dependent upon his mother for nourishment and life, a pregnant woman should owe a similar duty of care to her unborn child.[5] It is without a doubt that the right of an unborn child to sue its mother will bring about several ethical and moral issues that will put a strain on family ties. In Australia, when a child is born it is automatically entitled to sue for breach of rights.[6] The courts have extended this view to include situations wh ere the unborn child sustains injuries prior to being born.[7] It is well established that the courts have held third parties like negligent road users[8] and doctors[9], liable for injuries inflicted onto an unborn child. Although the child possessed no legal rights when the damage was inflicted, it materializes when it is born and hence, reflects the laws of negligence which states that a cause of action does not accrue until damage or harm is suffered. Conversely, the courts are reluctant to apply such standards of care when it concerns prenatal injuries inflicted upon an unborn child by its mother resulting in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"maternal immunityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for such injuries. Currently in Australia, a mother owes no such duty of care towards her child except in the event of road accidents.[10] It should be noted at this stage that whilst Australia has not applied such a duty of care in such circumstances, the courts have neither rejected it completely[11], unlike the appro aches adopted in Canada and United Kingdom. CURRENT LAW CANADA In Canada, policy factors have to be taken into account before reaching a decision as to whether a mother owes a duty of care to her unborn child. This issue was dealt with in the landmark cases of Winnipeg Child and Family Services (Northwest Area) v G (DF) [1997] 3 SCR 925 (Winnipeg Child and Family Services) and Dobson (Litigation Guardian of) v. Dobson [1999] 2 S.C.R. 753 (Dobson), where the Supreme Court of Canada had first tackled this issue. Dobson involved a claim against a pregnant mother for causing injuries to her unborn child due to her negligent driving. Her fetus was apparently damaged in this and had to be delivered prematurely via caesarean section on the day of the accident. As a result, the child was born with cerebral palsy. A tort claim was brought by the maternal grandfather on behalf of the child in order to claim from his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s insurance policy so as to cover the damages caused by negligent driving. The majority in this case found that a pregnant woman should not be held liable in the situation as a claim for negligent driving should be treated no differently to any other negligent acts of the mother.[12] McLachlin JJ goes on to add that imposing such a liability would restrict a womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights. Specifically à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"they would lose their liberty and not be treated equally with other women in societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[13]. The majority then went on to cite the test laid out in Kamloops[14]. Following Kamloops, the Court said a duty of care is recognized if the involved parties are closely related and if the issue raises questions about public policy. One might argue that although a fetus and its mothers are usually seen as one person, the Court in this case addressed the issue as if they were two separate people. It is also vital to note that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonable pregnant womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ standard of care is an objective test. The majority in this case deemed it to take into account in this case[15] as it will raise many issues regarding a pregnant womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personal lifestyle choices which will have a negative impact on her privacy and way of life. Eventually, the majority came to a conclusion that public policy factors associated with imposing a duty of care on mothers towards their unborn child à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"are of such a nature and magnitude that they clearly indicate that a legal duty of care cannot and should not be imposed by Courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[16] Hence, the Court held that the public policy considerations were paramount and outweighed any sufficiently close relationship between the parties that gave rise to the duty of care and that the mother did not owe a duty of care her unborn child even in circumstances where it involved motor vehicle accidents. It should be noted that Australian courts reach a different decisions as times due to the fact that emphasis is not placed on applying the public policy considerations in such cases. Also, when it concerns motor vehicle accidents in Australia, the mother is held liable for prenatal injuries caused to her unborn child if she was negligent without weighing the public policy considerations. In Winnipeg, the Supreme Court of Canada held that a pregnant woman who was addicted to glue sniffing could not be taken away against her will in trying to protect the interest of her unborn child. The Court concluded that they had no jurisdiction to interfere in such matters and that it was beyond the scope of the Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s power to detain a pregnant woman against her will. As such, the Court stated that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"To extend the law of tort to permit an order for the detention and treatment of a pregnant woman for the purpose of preventing harm to the unborn child would require major changes to the existing law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ these are the sort of changes which should be left to the legislatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[17] UNITED KINGDOM The current law in the United Kingdom surrounding this issue is very similar to that adopted in Australia.[18] The Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976 (UK) grants mothers a legal immunity from liability for causing prenatal injuries to her unborn child. However, the court cited that a legal duty should be imposed where it is the result of a motor vehicle accident.[19] Section 2 of the Congenital Disabilities Act states: A woman driving a motor vehicle when she knows (or ought reasonably to know) herself to be pregnant is to be regarded as being under the same duty to take care for the safety of her unborn child as the law imposes on her with respect to the safety of other people; and if in consequence of her breach of that duty her child is born with disabilities which would not otherwise have been present, those disabilities are to be regarded as damage resulting from her wrongful act and actionable accordingly at the suit of the child. In enacting this leg islation, the United Kingdom Law Commission also took into consideration public policy factors that was applied in other jurisdictions.[20] AUSTRALIA As discussed above, only a third party, who is not the mother of the unborn child, can be found to have owed a duty of care to the child.[21] In Lynch v Lynch (by her tutor Lynch) (1991) 25 NSWLR 411 (Lynch v Lynch), a mother was found guilty of negligent driving, causing an accident which resulted in cerebral palsy in her unborn child. Public policy factors were not applied in this case as Clarke JA held that the question before the court was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"very narrow and related specifically to road accidents.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[22] The court also took into account whether there was a presence of a compulsory motor vehicle insurance in concluding whether the mother owed a duty of care to her unborn child.[23] The majority decision in Lynch v Lynch was affirmed and cited in Bowditch v McEwan [2002] QCA 172 (Bowditch v McEwan). It has been long established that a duty of care is owed to pedestrians and other road users.[24] However, Watt v Rama extended this duty of care to inco rporate fetuses injured in road accidents. In this case, a mother who was pregnant caused injuries to her unborn child as a result of her negligent driving. The child subsequently suffered from epilepsy and brain damage. The mother denied that she owed her unborn child a duty of care whilst it was still in her womb. However, the Victorian Supreme court held that since the child was born handicapped as a result of the injuries sustained while it was still in its motherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s womb, attracts a duty of care. As a result, it was immaterial whether the child was born or not when the injury was sustained, so as long as the victim fell into a category of people that would be affected by a negligent act caused by someone else. Although the Australian courts are required to specifically apply public policy considerations in ascertaining whether a duty of care exists, it is not as rigid and explicit as the approach adopted in Canadian courts. ARGUMENTS FOR IMPOSING A DUTY OF CARE There are many factors that needs consideration when a jurisdiction imposes a duty of care that will attract an ethical and legal difficulties. The pivotal argument put forth in cases in imposing a duty of care is that a fetus is solely dependent upon its mother for nutrition in order for it to develop healthily.[25] Hence, it is reasonable foreseeable that any negligent acts would have a undesirable impact on the unborn child. Unquestionably, the proximity test would satisfy the neighborhood principle established in Donoghue v Stevenson.[26] In addition, by imposing a duty of care, a mother will most likely act in the best interests of her unborn child. For example, a pregnant woman might refuse to attend medical checkups or follow medical advice that would benefit the unborn child. Also, she might refrain from harmful activities like smoking and drinking that will negatively impact upon an unborn child. ARGUMENTS AGAINST IMPOSING A DUTY OF CARE. Some factors would prevent such a duty from being imposed due to the repercussions it might have on the society as well as in their personal lives. This mainly revolves around preserving the autonomy and privacy of a pregnant woman.[27] As discussed in this article, Cory J in Dobson v Dobson, made it clear that a pregnant womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights must be upheld as first and foremost, she is a human being and should be afforded the same rights as others. The courts are also reluctant on imposing a general duty of care as this would encourage children to sue their parents in negligence. If this trend continues, it could have adverse effects on the relationship between the mother and the child as well as the rest of its family.[28] However, this reason on its own is not sufficient to complete eradicate the duty of care owed to an unborn child. SUGGESTED APPROACH FOR AUSTRALIA? On one hand, it is very important for a mother to consider how her actions might have an impact on her unborn child, however, it is not in the hands of the judiciary to dictate how she should live her personal life as that would interfere with her right to privacy. While Australian courts have not imposed a general duty of care in such cases, it has not been rejected as well. 1 [1] Lenow, The Fetus as Patient: Emerging Rights as a Person?, 9 AM. J. L. MED. 1, 3 (1983). [2] Watt v Rama [1972] VR 353. [3] LexisNexis, Encyclopaedic Australian Legal Dictionary, LexisNexis https://www.lexisnexis.com.au. [4] X and Y (by her Tutor X) v Pal (1991) 23 NSWLR 26, 30 (Mahoney JA). [5] Beal, Can I Sue Mommy? An Analysis of a Womans Tort Liability for Prenatal Injuries to Her Child Born Alive, 21 San Diego L. Rev. 325, 326 (1984). [6] X and Y (by her Tutor X) v Pal (1991) 23 NSWLR 26, 30 (Mahoney JA). [7] X and Y (by her Tutor X) v Pal (1991) 23 NSWLR 26, 41 (Clarke JA) stated that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"In principle it should be accepted that a person may be subjected to a duty of care to a child who was neither born nor conceived at the time of his careless acts or omissions such that he may be found liable in damages to that child.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [8] Watt v Rama [1972] VR 353; Road Accident Fund v Mtati (332/2004) [2005] ZASCA 65; [2005] 3 All SA 340 [9] Yvonne Joyce McLennan v McCallum [2007] WADC 67. [10] Lynch v Lynch (1991) 25 NSWLR 411 affirmed in Bowditch v McEwan [2002] QCA 172. [11] Kate Wellington, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Maternal Liability for Prenatal Injury: The Preferable Approach for Australian Law?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2010) 18 Tort Law Review 89, 90. [12] Dobson (Litigation Guardian of) v. Dobson, [1999] 2 S.C.R. 753 (Lamer CJ, LHeureux-DubÃÆ' ©, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci, Binnie JJ; Major, and Bastarache JJ dissenting). [13] Dobson (Litigation Guardian of) v Dobson [1999] 2 SCR 753, [19] (Cory J). [14] City of Kamloops v. Nielsen (1984) 2 SCR 2. [15] Do, Christina and Mapulanga-Hulston, Jackie. The ethical and legal conundrum: Should a mother owe a duty of care to her unborn child? [online]. Journal of Applied Law and Policy, 2013: 5. [16] Dobson (Litigation Guardian of) v Dobson [1999] 2 SCR 753, [76] (Cory J). [17] Winnipeg Child and Family Services (Northwest Area) v G (DF) [1997] 3 SCR 925. [18] Do, Christina and Mapulanga-Hulston, Jackie. The ethical and legal conundrum: Should a mother owe a duty of care to her unborn child? [online]. Journal of Applied Law and Policy, 2013: 9. [19] Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976 (UK), s 2. [20] United Kingdom, Law Commission, Injuries to Unborn Children, Report No 60 (1974) Cmnd 5709, pp 53-64. [21] Watt v Rama [1972] VR 353 affirmed in X and Y (by her Tutor X) v Pal (1991) 23 NSWLR 26. [22] Lynch v Lynch(by her tutor Lynch)(1991) 25 NSLR 411, 415 (Clarke JA). [23] Do, Christina and Mapulanga-Hulston, Jackie. The ethical and legal conundrum: Should a mother owe a duty of care to her unborn child? [online]. Journal of Applied Law and Policy, 2013: 8. [24] Manley v Alexander [2005] HCA 79. [25] Do, Christina and Mapulanga-Hulston, Jackie. The ethical and legal conundrum: Should a mother owe a duty of care to her unborn child? [online]. Journal of Applied Law and Polic y, 2013: 3. [26] Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. [27] Bowditch (by his next friend Bowditch) v McEwan [2001] QSC 448, [10]. [28] Dobson (Litigation Guardian of) v Dobson [1999] 2 SCR 753, [46] (Cory J).

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson - 1227 Words

â€Å"The Lottery,† the short story by Shirley Jackson. The plot is not too hard to understand except that you do not realize what is going on until the very end. It talks about the people gather in the village square. Then they seem to be gathering up stones especially the children, and then there is the actual lottery. That means a drawing where somebody is going to â€Å"win.† Now, it turns out that after everybody pulls out their pieces of paper, and there is this elaborate ritual where family unit go and then the actual family members draw their numbers. But finally, Tessie Hutchinson, one of the house wives, one of the mothers in the community, gets the paper with the black dot on it, and she does not win anything good. In fact she is marked†¦show more content†¦The second paragraph, it is like an innocent game, but the stones’ actual reason turn out to be obviously toward the end of story. According to â€Å"Bobby Martin had already stuffed his p ocket full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones- eventually made a great pile of stones in one corner of the square and guarded it against the raids of the other boys.† (Jackson 290). Before the villagers arrive, they were carrying with them a less happy tone. The villagers’ exchange a bit of gossip laughing quietly. The way that the men assembled far from the stone pile, and they realize what is going to happen is not right. They don’t have the enthusiasm of the kids, who truly are not awareness and mature enough to realize their actions. They think it as a sort of a game. The author makes some scenes are used for foretelling ahead as a part of the story by specifying the pile of stones and the way the villagers keep a space from it. â€Å"They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed.† (Jackson 291). The author gives us something was happened like the horrific ending of the tradition. We get one explanation of why this lottery even exists from one of the characters, Old Man Warner. He explains that there’s some connection between the corn that’s growing and this ritual. So he says â€Å"Lottery in June, corn

Canned Tuna Free Essays

As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. We will write a custom essay sample on Canned Tuna or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods. The argument is based on consumer complaints of nausea and dizziness after consumption of canned tuna. But chemists have tested some samples of canned tuna and have reported that they are free from any chemical which can pose a health risk. In response to the complain of the customers, some eight million cans of tuna has been sent and tested by the chemists of Promofoods. The chemists reported that the canned tuna are free from the five out of the eight chemicals which can cause symptoms of dizziness and nausea. And the other three cannot be blamed because they are naturally found in all types of canned food. But the results of the test do not provide strong evidence to proof that the canned tuna is free from chemicals which can pose health risk. The chemists have reported that the three chemicals found in canned tuna are found in other canned food also. So, they are harmless. But we should remember that chemicals in contact with different substances behave differently. So, the three chemicals might become harmful when they come in contact with tuna. So, the chemists must have tested how these chemicals behave when they are present in canned tuna. Again, a substance might be harmless when it is present in small amount. But the same substance might be harmful when it is present in large amount. So, while testing the chemists should have determined the percentage of these chemicals in canned tuna. The test reports are being based on the tests done on the eight million samples but not on those which actually caused the customers to complain. The consumed cans should have been brought and tested in order to proof with stronger evidence the safety in consumption of canned tuna. Again, the chemists have concentrated only on the eight chemicals which can cause dizziness and nausea. But there are chemicals too which can cause these effects in the consumers. Therefore, the chemists should not totally ignore the presence of other chemicals. In short, we see that the tests conducted by Promofoods have failed to provide sufficiently strong evidence that can proof that the canned tuna was not responsible for causing dizziness and nausea among the consumers. It should have performed more detailed analysis of the consumed cans and reported the results with stronger evidence and precision. How to cite Canned Tuna, Papers

Canned Tuna Free Essays

As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. We will write a custom essay sample on Canned Tuna or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods. The argument is based on consumer complaints of nausea and dizziness after consumption of canned tuna. But chemists have tested some samples of canned tuna and have reported that they are free from any chemical which can pose a health risk. In response to the complain of the customers, some eight million cans of tuna has been sent and tested by the chemists of Promofoods. The chemists reported that the canned tuna are free from the five out of the eight chemicals which can cause symptoms of dizziness and nausea. And the other three cannot be blamed because they are naturally found in all types of canned food. But the results of the test do not provide strong evidence to proof that the canned tuna is free from chemicals which can pose health risk. The chemists have reported that the three chemicals found in canned tuna are found in other canned food also. So, they are harmless. But we should remember that chemicals in contact with different substances behave differently. So, the three chemicals might become harmful when they come in contact with tuna. So, the chemists must have tested how these chemicals behave when they are present in canned tuna. Again, a substance might be harmless when it is present in small amount. But the same substance might be harmful when it is present in large amount. So, while testing the chemists should have determined the percentage of these chemicals in canned tuna. The test reports are being based on the tests done on the eight million samples but not on those which actually caused the customers to complain. The consumed cans should have been brought and tested in order to proof with stronger evidence the safety in consumption of canned tuna. Again, the chemists have concentrated only on the eight chemicals which can cause dizziness and nausea. But there are chemicals too which can cause these effects in the consumers. Therefore, the chemists should not totally ignore the presence of other chemicals. In short, we see that the tests conducted by Promofoods have failed to provide sufficiently strong evidence that can proof that the canned tuna was not responsible for causing dizziness and nausea among the consumers. It should have performed more detailed analysis of the consumed cans and reported the results with stronger evidence and precision. How to cite Canned Tuna, Papers

Marketing Management Market Orientation Methods

Question: Describe about the Marketing Management for Market Orientation Methods. Answer: Introduction According to Doole and Lowe (2012), Marketing management is the process which an organization follows that focuses on the application of market orientation, methods , and management of marketing resources . Organizations that operate on an international level are quite keen on developing a marketing management plan, as it would analyse the companys position and the ways of enhancing the position of the company. Marketing helps the organization to identify its potential customer base and create specific customer segment, and launch embattled promotional and advertising campaigns(Ferrell and Hartline 2012). Marketing strategy portrays a road map for the organization regarding the process of marketing and includes various other elements which helps in the enhancement of the company. In this report, a case study on HSBC bank is done, that would give a detailed structure regarding the marketing strategies of the company. Information regarding the companies activities in considered, along with its market environment. PORTER AND PESTEL analysis is conducted in order to know about the micro and macro factors of the environment in which the company prevails (Fifield 2012). Marketing strategy and marketing mix plan of the company is analysed to get a knowledge regarding the objectives of the company. In the end recommendations are made to help the company to from a strong base in Australia. Background Of The Company According to HSBC.com. (2016), HSBC is a multinational banking and financial service corporation that has its headquarters in London, United Kingdom. It is considered as the fourth largest bank. Its total assets are of us$2.67 trillion. It was established by the Hong Kong and Shanghai Corporation limited to act as a new group holding company. HSBC has 7500 offices in 87 countries all over the world. It is spread widely with around 220,000 shareholders among 124 countries. It provides a range of services like personal financial services, commercial banking, market private banking and investment banking. The bank is mainly operated in Hong Kong, Asia Pacific region, Europe, Australia and America. Being on the fourth position with respect to its assets, almost 22% of its profits are derived from Hong Kong. It has been termed as the worlds local bank. It has been successful in understanding the important and function of different market all the way through the skill gained in international trade. HSBC being a global company has greatest respect for different companies . Their motto is to provide personalised services and aid to its customers that fits the specific needs. Within Australia, HSBC has a chain of 25 branches as well as other direct channels. The growth of the company is relatively slow in Australia compared the other countries. Most of the population is mainly focussed at the domestic banks of the country. HSBC needs an extensive framework of marketing strategies and implementation of those plans in order to expand its market share in the country Market Segmentation As stated by Gilligan and Hird (2012), a market segment for an organization must be conducted in order to achieve the attributes of accessibility, measurability, profitability and large size. If the chosen segment fulfills all these attributes, then creation of that segment must be considered. For a banking and financial institution like HSBC, 75% of its customer base is derived from the commercial banking in Australia. In retail banking sector, HSBC has to compete with various other banks such as commonwealth bank, ANZ bank, Westpac, Bendigo bank, etc. In Australia 77 % of teh resident assets are done by the four major domestic bank of teh country. HSBC stands at a position with only 13.4% (Ryle et al. 2015). The current need of the hour is that HSBC needs to understand that there are various segments in the country than can be created by keeping in mind the core competency and accordingly creating the segment (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). As it eh case of commercial banking, the domestic banks have already taken its toll, HSBC must pay attention to the retail banking sector. HSBC must focus on the age group which includes people who are just freshers, out of college or into new jobs or have entered into a business entrepreneurship. Even though the net count of these customers, would not be high, yet they would spend more in comparison with the higher age group. These is a great scope to expand their credit card services. Hence, these customers are targeted as potential customers (Hollensen 2015). Market Targeting As stated by Westwood (2013), based on the segmentation done, HSBC must target the segment including the people of age group 18 to 35 years. The segmentation done must be divided into two sub sections, where one part would be the people who are interested in the basic requirements of personal banking services, whereas, the other section could be interested in other products such as personal banks, mutual funds, personal finances, etc. Hence, in accordance with the subsections made among the segments, HSBC must target the customers. Market Positioning Positioning HSBC would be considered as an important element to decide the success or failure of the extension plan. In Australia, HSBC has a collective share of only 17%, which shows that it has a long way to go in order to establish its position and declare itself as a powerful banking institution. Local factors and old beliefs have positioned the domestic banks of the country as more reliable and easily accessible institution than the other international banks (Kotler et al. 2015). Therefore, it is important for HSBC to focus on positioning itself as a successful bank with a powerful brand name. HSBC needs to invoke its international exposure and innovative and influential banking products in order to convince the target customers. Macro Factors According to Anton (2015), PESTEL analysis is aimed at determining how an organization would get affected by the macro factors of the environment. It helps to develop the business strategies, by analysing various macro factors. Political : HSBC being a multinational company, has been controlled by various laws and regulations prepared by different governments of different countries where they are operating. The organization has been maintaining the policies made by each government which further ensures the stability and successful completion of business operations of HSBC (Yksel 2012). Economical : HSBC has been able to secure a successful economic strength in the field of banking and finance. In spite of the dangers that the company faces in various parts of the world, a good administration base of the company helps it to go beyond the struggles. It enables the company to attain an equipped economic condition and create a guard against unemployment (Riasi 2015). Social : HSBC is highly influenced by the social conditions of different places. The primary aim of the company is to provide service to every society in order to provide them with facilities of the resources by HSBC. The company aims at getting a good name among the customers so that it assures that everything will be under control and customary (Ghosal 2013). Technological: the emergent of upgraded versions of technology and internet effects the working of HSBC in the past years. The company integrates the upliftment in technology and efficiently communicates with its customers globally. Except these, HSBC also uses some advanced techniques that helps the company to raise their advancement in production and operations. It makes it easier to achieve their goal. Environmental: HSBC acknowledges variations in governments challenging organizations to reduce their carbon footprints. HSBC has been dedicated to reduce its own carbon footprints by reducing waste, transport emissions and improve energy efficiency. Legal : increase in government regulation from the European Union, increments in capital necessities and as well as new anti-money laundering requirements means that HSBC deals with legal compliance that is costly and time consuming. Micro Factors Micro factors of HSBC have been analysed using the porters five forces. It is designed to help the financial professionals and other managers in order to determine the influential factors. Potential entrants : HSBC has many competitors in Australia from the other international banks that are or have planned to penetrate into the country. In spite of receiving threats from the market, HSBC was still able to set high standards for competition. HSBC supports a strong branding image and as it does not have any fear from loss of customers. Bargaining power of customers : HSBC has formed a value that has influenced the occupation from one of the two important forces customers power. HSBC has managed its customers as a result of allowing the company to gain customer faithfulness. This provides the company of getting a chance if being a leader in the banking industry (Peck et al. 2013). Threat of substitutes : an important threat faced by HSBC is the threat from its competitors new products and services. This threat increases the urge in the organization to work hard in order to influence their position. HSBC has created four sections to focus on various customer strategies. This would help the company to understand the problems and satisfy the customers more efficiently. Bargaining power of suppliers : the power provided to the customer mirror to the supplier power. This lays emphasis on two important points, one is the size and concentration whereas the other is differentiation of the materials being supplied. HSBC uses the strategy of price discrimination in accordance with the difference it the price paid by each buyer . Rivalry among current competitors : there are many competitors of the banking and financial sector. HSBC uses competent strategy to maintain the control among them. As the rivals of HSBC are capable enough to raise their standards at par with HSBC, therefore, HSBC plans various strategies to confirm that they are the first choice of the clients. Consumer Perceptions and Behaviour Consumers perception towards a brand plays a major role in doing judgement for a product. Hence, it becomes important for an organization to understand the marketing strategy and analyse consumers perception towards that particular product. HSBC has to set up a business of foreign bank in Australia. Australia already has well known and successful domestic banks, that has 77% of the assets of the country. HSBC has transformed its identity from being a finance based organization towards a banking organization. However, a lot needs to be done in order to acquire the desired position in such a well advanced country. Various survey results shows that a larger part of the country, still has a firm belief over the domestic banks of the country, rather than the international banks. The factor that drives the force against HSBC is brand perception, and accessibility to the bank. Many people are of the opinion that HSBC is more engrossed in commercial and financial aspects of banking. This perception is due to the fact, that back in 1960s, HSBC had stated its business in Australia as a financial organization. Hence, some of the customers still hesitate in preferring HSBC as their personal bank (Liu, Liu and Zhang 2014). Another important aspect of customer behaviour is the preference given to banks which are easily accessible. In the world of internet banking, there are huge number of people who prefer banks to be easily accessible. In this context, domestic banks of Australia have a greater advantage over HSBC. The branches of HSBC is quite low in comparison with the domestic banks of Australia. This is another reason for the lack of personal banking customers of HSBC in Australia (Pavlou and Stewart 2015). It is quite crucial for HSBC to change the perception of the countrymen. In order to do so, hsbc need to portray their brand a completely an Australian unit rather than a subsidiary brand. Secondly, HSBC must plan to open new branches in commercial as well as in residential areas. This will help in grabbing the attention of the local people of Australia. Marketing Mix Marketing for the financial and banking services poses different challenges for the company. marketing mix aims at providing a descriptive analysis on the product, price , place and promotional activities of the organization. (Hassan and Craft 2012). Product The products is considered as the main element in a companys marketing strategy. Poorly designed service products are not successful in generating any value for the customers. The primary aim of the product is to create a unique service that would comparatively offer more service to the customers than the competitors of the bank. The product must be efficient enough to satisfy the wants of the customers. Keeping all the details and needs in mind, HSBC has prepared various unique featured products, such as : Prepaid card : HSBC has planned to launch two prepaid cards namely HSBCs financial manager and HSBCs budget manager. The financial manager manages the spending money of the customer by transferring the spending money of the bank account into the card. The budget manager has a smaller annual load than the financial manager. The new system of prepaid cards are free from any kind of fee and it offers the same flexibility equivalent to the debit and credit cards. Real Time Balance Alerts : real time balance alerts are sent to every client of HSBC after every transactions made. It updates the client regarding the amount transacted and the balance that remains in the balance. Online Banking : HSBC manages flexibility in assessing the customers financial possessions. The clients can access the official website of HSBC and set standing orders on the amount of money to load onto the budget every month. It implements efficiency in the function and thereby reduces effort of the customers (Pealoza , Toulouse and Visconti 2013). Optional Savings Account : as stated by Taleghani et al. (2012), bank customers who pay more than a certain limit at regular intervals, qualify for HSBCs current account advance. It can be used to make regular payments or standing orders from the customers current account to save certain amount every month. This characteristics is ideal for the clients who have fixed income. Price According to Rothaermel (2015), the pricing policy of the products of HSBC must be efficient in nature as they have to look after two components. At first it must be able to attract the customers towards itself and secondly, it must be able to generate revenue for the company. There are five main components to influence the pricing decisions of a company maximisation of profit , survival, social considerations, market share maximisation, and personal objectives. It is quite unlikely that any increase in the interest rate would attract the clients, hence, there must be a base lending rate that provides the minimum revenue for banks and financial institutions. There must be also a fixed prepaid card fee. If the customers save money in order to gin the facilitates of the customers current account, the that proves to be highly beneficial for the bank to raise capital. Place The place element is very deals with the delivery of the product to its customers either physically or by using appropriate methods. Failure in making a service product available trot eh customer would result in failure , regardless of how good the product was. HSBC has an extensive branch network and also user affable internet banking system (Stites 2015). Promotion As per Marshall (2014), Promotion element depend son the efficient communication system followed by the company with its clients. The main objectives of promotion is to gain clients, provide additional information regarding the products to the clients and to persuade the clients to buy the product. Advertising, newspapers, magazines, social medias and outdoor promotions must be undertaken by the company to enhance promotions of their products. Press release, brochures and posters are also effective to grab the attention of customers in order to persuade them. Recommendation The above marketing strategies give a clear view of how HSBC could achieve major success in the Australian banking industry. Currently Australia is domination by its domestic banks with a total share of 77%. The analysis shows that there is great scope for HSBC to spread in the country and expand its services. HSBC should emphasize on providing high quality customer service and secured banking service to the people. In the current situation, any organization that can provide high end services and facilities to its customers can survive in the market. HSBC needs to integrate its products, customer services and overall business and pricing strategy in such a way that it seems expedient and favourable to the people. References Anton, Roman (2015). "An Integrated Strategy Framework (ISF) for Combining Porter's 5-Forces, Diamond, PESTEL, and SWOT Analysis." (2015): 21-26. Doole, I., and Lowe, R. 2012.International marketing strategy. Cengage Learning. Ferrell, O. C., and Hartline, M. 2012.Marketing Strategy, Text and Cases. Cengage Learning. Fifield, P. 2012.Marketing strategy. Routledge. Ghosal, S. N. 2013. A pragmatic strategy for banks to counter recession is to garner funds and encourage entrepreneurship focus on reticular activity trend and not be cauldron for politicians and bureaucrats.SAARJ Journal on Banking Insurance Research,2(5), 24-37. Gilligan, C., and Hird, M. 2012.International Marketing (RLE International Business): Strategy and Management(Vol. 17). Routledge. Hassan, S. S., and Craft, S. 2012.Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(5), 344-356. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. HSBC.com. (2016). HSBC Group corporate website | HSBC Holdings plc. [online] Available at: https://www.hsbc.com/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Jurevicius, Ovidijus. "PEST PESTEL Analysis,"."Strategic Management Insight13 (2013): 2013. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Liu, M., Liu, T., and Zhang, T. J. 2014.A Comparative Study of the Differential Marketing Strategies of Four State-Owned Commercial Banks. In Finance Forum (Vol. 6, p. 005). Marshall, G., 2014.Marketing management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Pavlou, P. A., and Stewart, D. W. 2015. Interactive Advertising: A New Conceptual Framework Towards Integrating Elements of the Marketing Mix. In New Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium (pp. 218-222). Springer International Publishing. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M., and Payne, A. 2013.Relationship Marketing. Routledge. Pealoza, L., Toulouse, N., and Visconti, L. M. (Eds.). 2013.Marketing management: A cultural perspective. Routledge. Riasi, A., 2015. Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model.Business Management and Strategy,6(2), pp.15-27. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Ryle, G., Fitzgibbon, W., Cabra, M., Carvajal, R., Guevara, M.W., Hamilton, M.M. and Stites, T., 2015. Banking Giant HSBC Sheltered Murky Cash Linked to Dictators and Arms Dealers.International Consortium of Investigative Journalists website, February,8. Taleghani, M., Biabani, S., Gilaninia, S., Rahbarinia, S. A., Mousavian, S. J. 2012. The Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Relationship Marketing Benefits. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(3), 78-86. Westwood, J., 2013.How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Yksel, I., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), p.52.

Hemingway Essay Research Paper ERNEST HEMINGWAYBIOGRAPHYOn the free essay sample

Hemingway Essay, Research Paper ERNEST HEMINGWAY Biography On the day of the month of July 21, 1899 Ernest Hemingway, a now known superb author, was born. Hemingway was conceivably the lone author to accomplish the combination of international famous person and literary stature in the 20th century. Hemingway was brought up in the small town of Oak Park, Illinois, near to the prairies and forests West of Chicago. Both here and in Michigan, he could research, cantonment, fish and Hunt with his male parent, Dr. Clarence Hemingway. In Chicago he would go to concerts, operas and visit art museums with his female parent, a instrumentalist and an creative person. Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest High School, where he was an active author. He wrote articles, verse forms and narratives for the school? s publications mostly based on his ain experiences. The twelvemonth Hemingway graduated he rapidly secured a occupation with the Kansas City Star. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemingway Essay Research Paper ERNEST HEMINGWAYBIOGRAPHYOn the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There he received a writing manner sheet that instructed: ? Use short sentences. Use short foremost paragraphs. Use vigorous English. ? ( Parshall 1 ) . These were regulations he neer forgot to incorporate into his plants to acquire to the bosom of a narrative. The undermentioned twelvemonth he entered World War I as a voluntary with American Red Cross ambulance unit as a driver. There he was wounded near the Italian/Austrian forepart. Hospitalized, he fell in love with his nurse, who subsequently called off their relationship. After World War I, Hemingway returned to northern Michigan to read, compose, angle, and later to work for the Toronto Star in Canada. In 1921 married his first married woman and moved to Paris. In Paris he continued to compose for the Toronto Star as a foreign letter writer. During his stay in Europe through the 1920? s, Ernest was influenced by bizarre authors like Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound their literary compaction. Hemingway? s usage of these methods in short narratives and novels that captured the attending of critics and the populace. In the 1930? s, he turned to composing for causes, including democracy as he knew it in the Spanish Civil War and World War II. In each struggle he sought support for the side he favored. But he insisted on impartially depicting the truth of both wars, which he knew from firsthand experience. In the old ages following World War II, many critics said Hemingway? s best authorship was past. He surprised many of the critics when the novel, The Old Man and the Sea, was published.. This work led to his Pulitzer Prize in 1952. Two old ages subsequently he received the Nobel Prize for his? powerful, style-making command of the art or modern narrative? ( Griffin 1 ) for The Old Man and the Sea. Hemingway? s old ages following these awards saw few plants every bit successful as his novel or earlier Hagiographas. Hemingway was devastated that he could no longer compose as he one time did. During 1961 Hemingway, troubled by high blood force per unit area and mental depression, received daze interventions during two long parturiencies at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. He died July 2, 1961 at his place in Ketchum, Idaho, as a consequence of self-inflicted gunshot lesions and was buried in Ketchum. But as he had hoped, his composing lives on. His plants continue to sell really good and are translated in an amazing assortment of linguistic communications around the universe. HEMINGWAY HERO ? For Ernest Hemingway, the secondary universe which he constructed in his many narratives and novels served as a mirror to reflect his beliefs about the universe in which he lived? ( Relations to Fact Through Fiction 1 ) . Even though he reflected his beliefs in his plants he neer portrayed himself as the hero. Alternatively Hemingway created a hero that followed the same general codification in all of his plants. We by and large, name this adult male the # 8220 ; codification hero # 8221 ; ? this because he represents a codification harmonizing to which the hero, if he could achieve it, would be able to populate decently in the universe of force, upset, and wretchedness to which he has been introduced and which he inhabits. The codification hero, so, offers up and exemplifies certain rules of award, bravery, and endurance which in a life of tenseness and hurting do a adult male, as we say, and enable him to carry on himself good in the losing conflict that is life. The Hemingway hero of? The Snows of Kilimanjaro? is Harry. Harry is self pitying and see his present morbid province as the apogee of hapless picks and false, convenient values. However, through concluding, confrontation with his ain mortality, he achieved self-redemption. In? The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber? Francis is the Hemingway hero because he had bravery and faced his frights. If Francis would non hold went out on the safari the last clip and had so much bravery his married woman would non hold shot him. Mrs. Macomber killed him because she could no longer govern him. With Francis deriving so much self-pride he no longer sat back and allow his married woman darnel on him, without facing her. The Italian soldiers in? In Another State? are the heroes because they were non afraid to decease. The three male childs went to war and returned back to Milan with decorations for their courage for confronting decease. Santiago from? The Old Man and the Sea? is a hero because he was brave and was non afraid of decease. Santiago went out to sea, neer gave up, and knew he could survive anything that happened. Ole Anderson of? The Killers? does non wail. He takes the medical specialty softly and is non afraid of decease. In? A Farewell to Arms? Henry is non afraid to confront decease. He went to war. Subsequently he deserted the Italian Army, cognizing that he faced decease. He dove into the river and escaped. He swam to safety and boarded a train to Stresa where he reunited with Catherine. REFLECTIONS OF HEMINGWAY? S LIFE Hemingway did non merely create characters but created himself. The significance to that is that he took his life and intertwined it non merely into one of his narratives but about all of his narratives. As a author, Hemingway drew to a great extent upon his war experiences, as is seen in his earlier works that speak of work forces and adult females deprived, by World War I, of religion in the moral values in which they had believed, every bit good as, of those who lived with hostile neglect for anything but their ain emotional demands. Many of the state of affairss and characters in A Farewell to Weaponries came from Hemingway # 8217 ; s ain experience with the war in Italy. Not long after high school Hemingway volunteered as a Red Cross ambulance driver in 1917. Just like Frederick in the narrative he is earnestly wounded and taken to acquire medical attention. Henry was posted in northern Italy and, like Hemingway, received a lesion from a howitzer unit of ammunition. Even the inside informations of the lesion to the leg are based precisely on the novelist # 8217 ; s ain hurt. While Hemingway was retrieving he fell in love like Henry. The lone exclusion to that is that the adult female Hemingway fell in love with ran away and became engaged to an Italian Lord. ? He besides drew upon his love of fishing, hunting, and bull combat, where his Hagiographas Tell of work forces with simple characters and crude emotions, such as gladiators and toreadors? ( Roberts 8 ) . He wrote of their brave and normally ineffectual conflicts against fortunes. In The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other narratives Hemingway looked back on his African campaign from 1934. Most of the beginning stuff for The Old Man and the Sea comes from Hemingway # 8217 ; s ain experiences angling off the seashore of Cuba. Hemingway spent more than two decennaries of his life life on the island, and fishing was one of his favourite activities. Another episode in 1940 may hold besides served as a beginning for the novel. Hemingway witnessed a adult male and a male child in a little boat being dragged by a fish that the adult male had hooked. When Hemingway approached to seek to assist, the adult male had screamed at him to remain off. Hemingway watched the battle for half the twenty-four hours, eventually drawing his ain boat near plenty to throw some commissariats into the boat of the embattled fisherman and male child. Get downing with the exemplifying narrative and possibly this experience, Hemingway added deeper elements from the environment to flesh out Santiago # 8217 ; s character and develop the action of the narrative. Subject In? The Snows of Kilimanjaro? Harry himself see his life as a failure. ? He has prostituted his art? : each twenty-four hours of non composing, of comfort, of being that which he despised, dulled his ability and softened his will to work so that, eventually, he did no work at all. The months and old ages of idling faux pas by. He neer acts, he neer loves, he neer carries out his programs. He returns to Africa merely because he had one time been happy at that place, and he thinks possibly there he can work the fat off his psyche. Contemning the challenge of existent life all around him, he postpones composing the narratives he knows, and he postpones loving an eminently loveable adult female merely because she is his and is available at the present minute. Harry so becomes infected with the disease called sphacelus. He lays on his fingerstall where he flashes back to scenes from his life that he has saved to compose, taking pleasance in their callback but cognizing he will neer compose about them. He dreams of his younger yearss when he was capable of carry throughing and staying true to his endowment. Therefore the subject is don? T set off what you could hold done today to make tomorrow. Always have bravery and confront your frights in life is the lesson from? The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber? . Francis Macomber was a affluent American on a campaign with his beautiful, unloving married woman, Margot. On one of the first yearss out Macomber flees off every bit fast as possible to acquire off from the king of beasts alternatively of hiting due to his frights. This is similar to how he ignores his married woman? s rip offing wonts alternatively of facing her. Subsequently on Macomber has the opportunity to populate up to his frights once more which he does, by confronting a American bison and his married woman ( when he realized she was in Wilson? s collapsible shelter one dark ) . You may non ever cognize one? s true background and what is truly go oning in their life. That is a subject for? In Another State? . The storyteller for the narrative is in Milan for rehabilitation where he meets an Italian Soldier, a title-holder swordsman, whose manus has been wounded while at war that is besides in rehabilitation. The recovering of his manus does non look to hold the slimmest consequence on him at all. That does non look to be right idea the storyteller, for a title-holder swordsman to lose his manus and non care. The storyteller works at H is rehabilitation while the soldier believes it will neer work. One twenty-four hours while the storyteller is working at his rehabilitation he starts to give up hope. The soldier so starts shouting at him about how dense he is because finally it will work. The soldier goes to do a phone call after the battle. After his phone call he apologizes to the storyteller for shouting and tells him that he has merely lost his married woman. The storyteller so realizes that the soldier wasn? T worried about losing his manus he was more disquieted about his married woman? s life. Never give up no affair what the odds point to. This subject refers back to? The Old Man and the Sea? . Santiago went over 80 yearss without catching fish, but he would non give up. Peoples would speak about him, but he still went on and didn? t allow them acquire to him. When Santiago set out on the 85th twenty-four hours he neer thought about catching a marlin every bit large as he did. After being out for several yearss people were amazed when he returned place with the marlin skeleton, even though it was merely the skeleton. Peoples told him his bad fortune was eventually over. Lost love can be found but non ever maintain. This subject acquired from? A Farewell to Arms? . When Henry and Catherine meet for the first clip Henry attempts to score her. Henry so has to go forth for war. Henry so was sent to Milan after leg lesions to retrieve. That is where he meets up with her once more by a happenstance. There they began a passionate matter and autumn profoundly in love with each other. Henry is so sent back to war after his convalescence. Henry is so much in love he deserts the Italian Army and flights to Stresa to reunite with Catherine. Catherine at this point is pregnant with their kid. They escape to Switzerland together where Catherine goes into labour. Thingss travel awfully incorrectly while in labour and both Catherine and the babe dies. The subject for? The Killers? is sometimes decease International Relations and Security Network? T supposed to go on. Ole wasn? T at the eating house where he usually goes the dark Al and Max planned on killing him. Symbolism ? In Hemingway the symbols are inexplicit: they follow the Torahs of world to such grade that in themselves they form a whole, full-blooded narrative? ( Esther Murer 4 ) . The reader is at? autonomy? to detect that he is covering with really profound and true symbols. Most readers do non detect it at all, and read Hemingway merely about the same manner they read any ordinary narratives. Like the Macombers, Harry and Helen would look to be an ideal twosome with everything to populate for. But Harry is a morally ill adult male ; his physical lesion is symbolic of his inner unwellness. The lesion to his leg typify his illness, for it is a type of lesion and has been subconsciously self-inflicted. ( Harry had neglected a thorn abrasion and so treated it improperly. ) Like Francis Macomber he has been partly responsible for the loss of his manhood, and he has, or imagines he has, a devouring mate tidal bore to prehend any sexual advantage. ( The Snows of Kilimanjaro ) In? In Another Country? a symbol is when the Italian soldier returns three yearss after, after hearing his married woman was dead have oning a black set on his arm to mean bereavement. Santiago is a symbol of Jesus demoing how both of them went through so much agony. When he returns place after catching the marlin he carries portion of the boat up over his shoulder and that symbolizes Jesus being crucified. Santiago has to halt several times to take a drink of H2O typifying the people giving Jesus a drink while he was on the cross. When Catherine dies, Henry is forced to confront decease. It said her organic structure was like a statue. Sarcasm In? The Snows of Kilimanjaro? Harry is the type of adult male that believes he can manage anything that he doesn? Ts have to worry about those alleged? minor? things in life. Due to his sloppiness he became septic with sphacelus. As a consequence to his heedless actions he died because he neer took attention of a? minor? thing. In? The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber? it? s dry how Macomber foremost fails and so succeeds in runing, develops self-respect, but has his life ended merely when it began to be gratifying. What is meant by that is that Macomber first scampers off from his frights. He so becomes so fed up with his married woman? s remarks he goes out and challenges his frights by winning, and additions self-esteem. His married woman is so overwrought that he did this that she putting to deaths Francis. ? In Another Country? a soldier, a title-holder swordsman, went to war cognizing he was confronting decease but didn? T worry about it. As a consequence he had to go forth war because he had a hurt manus and had to be put in rehabilitation. At this point he was cognizant of the fact that his married woman was ill. He went to phone her and was so notified by the physician that she died of pneumonia out of the blue. The sarcasm of? The Old Man and the Sea? is that Santiago worked so difficult to maintain the marlin and all he returns place with is the skeleton. It all began on Santiago? s 85th twenty-four hours he caught a marlin bigger than any other marlin he has of all time seen. Santiago goes through two yearss and two darks of the hurting of his shoulders, back, and custodies because the marlin is to large to merely bind the line to the boat. When he eventually kills the marlin he ties it to the boat. Subsequently sharks come along and take the marlin bite by bite. He was able to kill merely a twosome of the sharks but so he became to be excessively much. Finally there was nil left of the marlin but the skeleton. It? s dry how Henry and Catherine go through so much together but yet can? t spend many old ages together. They are merely together for a short clip but still have a deep passion for one another. In? The Killers? it? s dry how where Ole was supposed to be killed was a barroom. A barroom used to be a topographic point where shots happened a batch. It? s besides dry how Ole didn? T show the dark the work forces planned on killing him. Setting In both? The Snows of Kilimanjaro? and? The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber? the scene is in Africa during the 1920? s while game runing with their married womans coming along on the trip. The importance of the scene in? The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber? is that if Francis did non travel on the campaign he would hold neer conquered his frights. If Harry had neer returned to Africa, he would hold neer been infected with sphacelus. Both? A Farewell to Arms? and? In Another State? takes topographic point in Milan during World War I and II. All the chief characters are at the wellness centres either working or recuperating. ? The Killers? took topographic point in an American metropolis around the 1920? s. ? The Old Man and the Sea? takes topographic point off the seashore of Cuba where Santiago gimmicks the Marlin. Santiago is from a little fishing town that doesn? Ts have much to offer. Most of the people around there fish for a life. With Santiago traveling 84 yearss without catching any fish it is difficult for him to last. If it wasn? T for Manolin he would hold nil to eat and no manner of purchasing angling come-on. A FAREWELL TO ARMS In A Farewell To Arm the novel follows the authoritative love affair expression until Hemingway alters the last chapter. The authoritative love affair expression to many would be: adult male meets adult female, adult male loses adult female, adult male gets adult females back. The adult male in this novel is Frederick Henry, one of the cardinal characters and the storyteller. Catherine Barkley is the other cardinal character. Frederick is a immature American ambulance driver with the Italian ground forces in World War I. The Italians are contending in the Austrian War. While working on the forepart lines Frederick meets a beautiful Red Cross nurse named Catherine Barkley, whose bride-to-be has already been killed at the conflict of the Somme. Henry is instantly attracted to her and at first attempts to score her as if it was a game to him. Henry becomes wounded by a trench howitzer shell and is taken to a infirmary in Milan to recover, there he meets up with Catherine once more who is working at the infirmary. Henry and Catherine get down a passionate matter but he has to go forth Catherine when he has recovered to return to the war forepart. The Italian forces are defeated by the Austrians and Germans and have to withdraw hurriedly. The Italian forces become broken and helter-skelter. Henry is forced to hit an applied scientist sergeant under his bid. In the confusion he is arrested by the Italian Military constabulary and charged with the offense of non being an Italian. Henry, cognizing he faces decease, dives into the river and flights. He swims to safety and boards a train to Stresa. He reunites with Catherine, who is so pregnant with his kid. With the aid of an Italian barman, they escape to Switzerland, a impersonal state war. In Switzerland they forget the yesteryear and Henry? s problems. The two of them live merrily and program to get married after the babe is born. When Catherine goes into labour, nevertheless, things have an unexpectable bend, a bend for the worse. The physician announced that her pelvic was excessively narrow to present the babe. He attempts an unsuccessful Cesarean subdivision, and Catherine dies in childbearing. ? To Henry, her dead organic structure is like a statue ; he walks back to his hotel without happening a manner to state adieu? ( Hemingway 329 ) . Bibliography The Hemingway Code. Relations to Fact Through Fiction. Online. hypertext transfer protocol: //ebbs.english.vt.edu/hthl/etuds/hall/homepage_text/papers/hemingwa.ppr.html AOL. 2 April 2000. 3 pages. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Simon A ; Schuster, 1995. Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Simon A ; Schuster, 1995. Hemingway, Ernest. The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories. New York: Charles Scribner? s Sons, 1970. Martinetti, Ron. American Authors. Hemingway: A Look Back. Gale Group, 2000. Online. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.americanlegends.com/authors/index.html AOL. 9 April 2000. 3 pages. Murer, Esther. Jens Bjorneboe. Hemingway and the Beasts. Esther Greenleag Murer. Pax Forlag. 1972. Online. hypertext transfer protocol: //home.att.net/~emurer/texts/hemingway.htm AOL. 2 April. 2000. 8 pages. Parshall, Gerald. Papa and All His Children. U.S. News. 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/980601/1papa.htm. 31 Mar. 2000. 5 pages. A Short Biography of Author Ernest Hemingway. Ed. Redd F. Griffin. 1999. Online. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hemingway.org/life/biography.html AOL. 2 April 2000. 2 pages.

7 Dramatic Monologues by Greek Playwright Sophocles

7 Dramatic Monologues by Greek Playwright Sophocles Here is a collection of ancient yet profound dramatic speeches from The Oedipus Plays by Greek playwright Sophocles. Each dramatic monologue is ideal as a classical audition piece. Also, English students can use them as study resources for analyzing the characters. Antigone’s Defiant Monologue: This scene is a favorite from Antigone and is an excellent exercise for a young female performer. Antigone delivers this commanding speech, defying the laws of the king in order to follow her conscience. Shes a stubborn young woman, intent on civil disobedience in order to fulfill her family obligations and what she believes is a higher law of the gods. She will risk punishment rather than settle for a noble life without honoring her dead brother.Creon from Antigone:  At the beginning of the  play,  Creon sets up the conflict that will lead to Antigones defiance. His two nephews, Antigones brothers, died in a duel over the throne. Creon inherits the throne by default and gives one a hero’s funeral while determining the other was a traitor whose body should rot unburied. Antigone rebels against this and buries her brother, resulting in her punishment. Besides this monologue, there is another at the end of the play  that is also worth y. In the play’s finale, the antagonistic Creon realizes that his stubbornness has led to his family’s demise. That is an  intense, gut-wrenching monologue. The Chorus from Oedipus at Colonus: Greek Drama isn’t always dark and depressing. The Chorus monologue is a peaceful and poetic monologue describing the mythic beauty of Athens.Jocasta from Oedipus the King: Here, the mother/wife of Oedipus Rex offers some psychiatric advice. She tries to allay his anxiety over the prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother, unaware that both have already occurred. Freud must have loved this speech.Antigone’s End: Towards the end of her young life, Antigone contemplates her actions and her fate. She is sentenced to be walled up in a cave and die a slow death for her defiance of the kings edict. She maintains that she made the correct choice, yet she wonders why the gods have not yet intervened to bring justice in her situation.Ismene from Antigone: Antigone’s sister, Ismene, is often overlooked in student essays, which makes her a terrific topic to analyze. This dramatic monologue reveals the duplicitous nature o f her character. She is the beautiful, dutiful, outwardly obedient and diplomatic counter to her stubborn and defiant sister. Yet, they have lost both of their parents and their two brothers to suicide and duels. She counsels a safer course of obedience to the law, to live another day. Oedipus the King: This monologue is a classic cathartic moment. Here, Oedipus realizes the wretched truth about himself, his parents, and the terrible power of fate. He has not escaped what fate foretold, he has killed his father and married his mother. Now, his wife/mother has committed suicide and has blinded himself, determined to become an outcast until he dies.

Interview paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview - Research Paper Example Clishia Taylor acquired her nursing profession after attending an undergraduate program in the College of Rochelle leading to a degree in bachelors of Science in Nursing. She has also mastered in business administration from the University of Connecticut in which she majored in health care administration and finance, a course that she considers an upper hand in her career development in the nursing field. Along the way, she received a doctorate degree in health care Ministry in theological seminary school in the US, which she feels expanded her knowledge in the medical field. In addition, she has a rich experience in the medical field after working in different environment and acquiring a different experience in every place she worked. Among some of the experiences she considers relevant in her medical career is her internship in the National Health care Reform where she worked for the White house and enriched her knowledge in modeling health care units, which is a demand for the mod ern health environment. Also, she has served in the position of a psychiatrist in Yale Hospital and as a quality assurer in a nursing facility, which has backed her with over 30 years’ experience in this sector. In the year 1995, she founded AHCP in her endeavor to participate in modernizing the health care facilities not only in US but across the global scope. She is an active contributor in a the famous millennium magazine referred to as the Health Care Pulse Magazine that covers critical health issues in the international environment. The purpose of my interview with Clishia was to obtain clinical experience from a professional expert as part of the learning process. The Role of the Administrator DR Clishia, being the founder of this health institution, is the President of the American Health Care Professionals Hospitals and takes a leadership role in the organization. In the organizational chart, she forms part of the top level management and is involved in making of mana gement decisions within the organization. Second in the hierarchy of the organizational chart is the AHCP vice-president, Beatriz Arroyave, who answers directly to Clishia. In this interview, Clishia expressed the meeting in the organization as rather flexible though she explicitly stated that she meets with vice president at least twice in a week. With the lower level management, monthly meetings are scheduled for the last working day of the month when each administrator is required to report about the months experience and provide suggestions for program improvement in the next period. Being a nurse in profession, she also plays a role in patient evaluation and attendance to urgent matters within the hospital at her availability. She also reported that she plays a key role in financial management and control to ensure smooth running of the facility. Her strength in her administration role seems to emanate from her strong educational background coupled with her experience. During h er education, she acquired nursing skills in her undergraduate program and later reinforced it with health care administration. This integrative knowledge gives her an upper hand in handling matters in her own professional from an administrator’s point of view. While her knowledge in nursing helps her to understand the problems in this sector, her management skills help her solve the problems in that arise within the organi

Samsung Electronics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Samsung Electronics - Case Study Example What the Chinese lacked in design and production, they compensated in their business acumen. They forged alliances with those market leaders only and got the license to from them to produce chips based on blueprints and sold at low cost, in order to penetrate the market. Thus, looking at the market strategy of the Chinese firms and their potential to imitate and innovate existing products, there is genuine threat from the Chinese firms. Samsung needs to look at the various options of competitive advantage to respond appropriately so that it could maintain its leadership position within the semiconductor market. There are two main areas where Samsung can keep ahead of the Chinese firms. The first one is its state of the art R&D which greatly facilitates development of new products through specialized product development teams. The new products ensure that the constantly changing preferences of the customers are met timely thus making certain that they maintain their leadership position. Chinese not only lack R&D facilities but lack of experience is also a big drawback in the area of R&D. The second important area is its design and production line. Backed by effective R&D team, the company has the requisite infrastructure and capabilities to design and produce innovative products. The Chinese firms have yet to acquire expert knowledge of the design and production technology of core units of semiconductors. This gives a huge advantage to Samsung to go in for new products and create niche market for them in the emerging new economies like India, China, Brazil etc. It is assumed that despite huge government concessions to Chinese firms in China, lack of effective intellectual property laws would be a big deterrent for other big companies to transfer technology. Samsung, therefore, would be right to continue innovative products and add-ons for existing as well as for new market. In the changing paradigms of business environment, there is

Who Invented Christian Martyrdom Religion Essay

Who Invented Christian Martyrdom Religion Essay The questions of who invented Christian martyrdom and why, and who was the first Christian martyr, are ambivalent in themselves as there cannot be a definite correct answer. When considering the history, many key related figures become apparent. There are three possible areas in which martyrdom may have been invented, these are the Christians, the Jews and the Romans. There is evidence of martyrdom stemming from each of these groups, which will be addressed in this essay. As well as the three groups mentioned above, there are individual examples of those who may have had been responsible for the initial inspiration that formed the invention of martyrdom. The Romans undoubtedly played a large part in the development of martyrdom. The formation of the Roman Empire following the Republican period, created an autocratic empire that ruled the majority of Europe and surroundings areas of the Mediterranean. This gave the first Emperor Augustus and his predecessors power to control the religious institutions. The development of Christianity was seen by the Roman Empire as both superstition and atheism. The first accusations of the Christians came after the Great Fire on Nero in 64. The Christians were a convenient religious group to blame this upon (even though after the fire Nero himself used the landmass to build, making the fire seem extremely convenient for his own uses, which brings about questions of the sincerity of the accusations of the fire) and from this came persecution and execution. Christians were subsequently dealt with in this way, and from this it can be claimed, that martyrdom stemmed from the Roman Empire. Christians were being forced into execution, and through support of their religion they came to prefer death rather than deny their religion and live.  [1]  The Roman Emperors views differed on the prosecution of the Christians. The attitudes were sporadic. Nero, Decian and Diocletion were responsible for serious attacks on Christianity however Trajan was rather lenient to Christians compared to other Emperors. Pliny is somewhat ambivalent, not knowing whether the crime is being a Christian or the secret crimes connected with the name  [2]   It can be argued that Christian martyrdom was invented by the Jews, as it was Jesus himself who died for his faith, and obviously being a Jew this would lead the invention back to Judaism. However as this was pre-Christianity it cannot be said to be the invention of Christian martyrdom, just a moral example. As well as the latter point, Jews had been taught from the early prophets to scorn the religions of his neighbours, even if these for the time being appeared to be more successful in earthly rewards than himself.  [3]   It was of course the Christians themselves who were martyred, but it can be suggested that if it were not for the prosecution of the Christians by the Roman Empire then Christian martyrdom would not have come about at all. There would have been no need to prove their faith. The martyrs became something of an example for other Christians, and inspiration to stick by their faith. The author of source 20 in A New Eubusis states how blessed and noble are all the martyrdoms which have taken place and respects their nobility and endurance and love for their Master.  [4]  As in the words of Polycarp, when told to curse Christ, Polycarp continued to confess himself as a Christian, and when faced with being burnt alive commented that I must needs be burnt alive, so that he might take a portion among the martyrs in the cup of Christ, because he wanted to be a rich and acceptable sacrifice  [5]  This gives evidence to show that despite the imminence of death, their faith would remain. As well as looking at the groups mentioned above, there are certain individuals who can be said to have had a significant effect on the development of martyrdom. Martyrdom can be thought to have originated from the figure of Jesus, and his crucifixion at the hands of the Romans due to his blasphemous claims. Jesus apostles were thought to have emulated him in this way, as nearly all his apostles in turn died at the hands of their beliefs and faith in Jesus. It is this act of Jesus that is claimed by some to be where martyrdom began, making Jesus the inventor of martyrdom. Despite this claim, I would argue that Jesus is an exemplar rather than a creator. Evidence for this statement is clear in the account of Polycarps martyrdom where there are references to crucifixion, the Lord might once again give an example of the martyrdom which resembles the gospel story.  [6]  It is also stated in the martyrdom that Polycarp refused to blaspheme saying For eighty-six years I have been his servant and he has done me no wrong. How can I blaspheme against my king and saviour?  [7]  It also becomes clear in the Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne, 177, where Christ if often mentioned, with references such as then in turn a mighty dispensation of God came to pass, and the measureless compassion of Jesus was displayed , in a manner rarely vouchsafed among the brethren, but not beyond the art of Christ.  [8]  Both letters make clear and relevant that Jesus actions were the incentive, and that his actions gave them the strength and power to die for their beliefs. Although it can be argued that Jesus was the martyr exemplar, he cannot be called a martyr himself. There is very little evidence suggesting he was ever called a martyr. In fact the only time the word is ever mentioned is in Revelation 2:13 and Acts 22:20 with reference to his disciples as martyrs, meaning witness as this is the Greek root of the word. So the word martyr is associated with Jesus death, but with a different meaning and this is further highlighted by a very relevant Christian martyr, Ignatius of Antioch, who didnt even use the Greek word martyr for himself. Another example of what same may call a martyr is Socrates, however in this case, as well as with Jesus, Christianity was not yet born, and so this pre-Christian martyr can only be seen, as Jesus was, as a model for the Christians. This is referred to in Justin Martyrs second apology; Socrates was charged with the same things that we are.  [9]  Both of these examples perhaps give Christians the idea to carry ou t this heroic action. This then calls for an explanation of how the new meaning of the word martyrdom came about. How did it move away from its original meaning and why? As previously said there is ambiguity as to who the first Martyr was, and hence who invented Martyrdom. We have established the neither Jesus nor Socrates were martyrs, so then we come to the Jewish Maccabees, their relevance is highlighted through the way in which Blandina is likened in Lyons and Vienne to the mother of the seven sons. At this point martyrdom had come to mean what it does today as Professor Baron stated there were born that great exaltation of Christian martyrdom which was to dominate the minds of the jews and chritians for countless generations.  [10]  However, the two terms are clearly linked and may be seen to merge together. As the Apostles were witness to the death of Jesus, they then became venerable due to their everlasting faith, and could at anytime be called upon to deny what was witnessed under penalty of death. As the apostles would never deny their beliefs, they moved from being a witness, to being open to the idea of death, which will lead us on to the controversial topic of voluntary martyrdom. St. John, at the end of the first century, describes martyr as a faithful witness (martus) who was slain among you, where Satan dwelleth (Revelation 2:13). In Bowersocks Martyrdom and Rome he highlights the point from the latter paragraph, that despite the use of the word itself in the New Testament, the meaning is by no means the same. Bowersock believes that it was not until the 2nd Century that the word martyr came to mean what is means today. Even though links can be drawn to earlier events, such as Nero at Rome which followed the great fire in 64, the change and the more relevant events come later. It is suggested by De Ste. Croix that from approximately 112 onwards Christians started to be prosecuted by pagans simply for being Christians the nomen Christianum, and Pliny states in a letter to Trajan that he executed those charged before me with being Christians.  [11]  The definition of the word martyr was emphasised when the title was turned down by the confessions of Lyons, as they did not actually die, and stated They are already martyrs whom Christ has deemed worthy to be taken up in their confession, having sealed their te stimony by their departure; but we are confessors mean and lowly.  [12]   The interesting movement that occurred, that is dissimilar to Jesus, Socrates and the Maccabees was the voluntary martyrdom. Not only were devote Christians willing to give their lives, they actually wanted to. This was something that very much puzzled the Roman Empire, and became interpreted as almost a provocation. But the sincerity was entirely there as proved by Perpetua and Germanicus. Voluntary martyrdom was in fact forbidden by the church, and those being executed voluntarily were said to be considered far less heroic. The bishops of the churches were supposed to refuse to the voluntary martyrs the honour of the name martyr, and this is backed up by a number of sources including Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Lactantius, the canons of the council of Elvira and the passion of Polycarp. Yet despite this, the martyrs were usually seen in high regarded, seen also as heroic figures.it has been said, notably by De Ste. Croix that it was a montanist practice in origin, however he then goes on to suggest that it began far earlier, but there is not sufficient evidence to back this up. Christian Martyrdom was essentially invented to prove the seriousness of the Christian faith. Initially those who were sentenced to death, did so graciously, without hesitation, yet not with the will of that being the case. These were described as glorious examples of resistance to tyrannical authority and painful suffering before unjust judges. Despite the development of martyrdom, and from that the stemming of voluntary martyrdom, it is made clear from Perpetua how difficult, and how much of a dilemma the Christians faced when deciding between sacrificing their beliefs, or their lives. It must be noted that the ambiguity of this invention can be partly resolved when considering that Christian martyrdom stems from Christian theology. Even though the discussion of the invention of martyrdom is centred around the denominations and figures mentioned above, none of the martyrs would have died if they were not following closely their religious beliefs, and obeying what the church required of them. It is impossible to say who invented Christian martyrdom, and I question whether invent is even the correct term to use in this context. The action came about due to devotion and faithfulness to the Christian religion, and thus became almost a tradition, in which followers showed their dedication to Christ and their one God. It was not invented for a particular purpose, but became something of a statement. Its roots are deeply embedded in the Jewish history concerning Jesus and then Socrates, as well as in the lives of St. Stephen the first Martyr and the many other Christian figures who gave their lives to support their faiths. Word Count: 1,950